Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a condition induced by unregulated diabetes that may lead to multi-organ failure in patients. Thanks to advances in machine learning and artificial intelligence, which enables the early detection and diagnosis of DM through an automated process which is more advantageous than a manual diagnosis. Currently, many articles are published on automatic DM detection, diagnosis, and self-management via machine learning and artificial intelligence techniques. This review delivers an analysis of the detection, diagnosis, and self-management techniques of DM from six different facets viz., datasets of DM, pre-processing methods, feature extraction methods, machine learning-based identification, classification, and diagnosis of DM, artificial intelligence-based intelligent DM assistant and performance measures. It also discusses the conclusions of the previous study and the importance of the results of the study. Also, three current research issues in the field of DM detection and diagnosis and self-management and personalization are listed. After a thorough screening procedure, 107 main publications from the Scopus and PubMed repositories are chosen for this study. This review provides a detailed overview of DM detection and self-management techniques which may prove valuable to the community of scientists employed in the area of automatic DM detection and self-management.